Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids are the macromolecules primarily responsible for storing genetic information. This category includes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA carries the instructions needed for an organism's growth, development, reproduction, and functioning. It is composed of long chains of nucleotides, which contain a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases encodes the genetic blueprint for living organisms.

While proteins play crucial roles as enzymes and structural components within cells, they do not store genetic information. Similarly, lipids are primarily involved in cell membrane structure and energy storage, and they do not serve a direct role in encoding genetic information. Carbohydrates mainly function as energy sources and structural components but also do not have a role in storing genetic data. Thus, nucleic acids are uniquely suited for this role as they contain the molecular structure and sequence necessary for genetic encoding.