What is the process of osmosis?

The process of osmosis is best defined as the specialized diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. This definition emphasizes the key aspects of osmosis: it is a passive process that does not require energy (unlike active transport) and it specifically involves the movement of water molecules. During osmosis, water moves from an area of higher concentration (more water molecules, fewer solute particles) to an area of lower concentration (fewer water molecules, more solute particles) in an attempt to balance solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane.

This process is crucial in biological systems because it helps maintain cell turgor pressure, regulates internal environments, and contributes to the homeostatic balance of fluids in organisms. The selectively permeable nature of the membrane plays a critical role, as it allows water to pass through while restricting the movement of solutes. Understanding osmosis is fundamental in various biological and physiological processes, ranging from cellular hydration to the functioning of kidneys in maintaining fluid balance.