What is the essence of the Theory of Evolution?

The essence of the Theory of Evolution is best captured by the concept of "descent with modification." This phrase reflects the fundamental idea that species change over time and that these changes are passed down through generations. Essentially, organisms evolve from common ancestors, and as they adapt to their environments, they exhibit variations that can lead to the formation of new species.

Descent with modification emphasizes both the continuity of life and the gradual changes that occur as populations adapt to their surroundings. This concept is central to understanding how biodiversity arises and how organisms are related through evolutionary history. It illustrates the dynamic nature of life rather than a static view of species, highlighting the importance of genetic variation and environmental factors in shaping the characteristics of organisms over time.

While artificial selection, adaptation to human effects, and static existence of species are related concepts, they do not encompass the broad and fundamental principle that underpins evolutionary theory. Evolution operates through natural processes and varies widely across different contexts, reinforcing that life is in a constant state of change rather than remaining unchanged.