What is one consequence of the 10% rule in ecosystems?

The 10% rule in ecosystems refers to the concept that when energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, only about 10% of the energy is passed on to the organisms at the higher trophic level. This principle has significant implications for the structure and functioning of ecosystems.

One major consequence of the 10% rule is that it limits the number of top predators in an ecosystem. As energy decreases with each transfer between trophic levels, the amount of available energy becomes insufficient to support a large number of organisms at the top of the food chain, including top predators. For example, there must be a much larger population of herbivores (primary consumers) and an even larger population of plants (producers) to support a smaller number of carnivores (secondary consumers) and an even smaller number of top predators. This imbalance due to energy transfer results in fewer top predators compared to lower trophic levels, thus helping to maintain ecological balance and stability within ecosystems.

Conversely, the other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of the 10% rule. The idea that it promotes larger populations at higher levels conflicts with the concept of energy availability, as higher trophic levels support fewer individuals. The notion that it increases