What is a mutation?

A mutation is defined as a change in the DNA sequence that can alter traits. This definition emphasizes that mutations can occur at various levels within the genetic material, leading to alterations in the structure or function of proteins, which in turn can influence an organism's phenotype—its observable characteristics. Mutations can arise from various factors, including errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation, or chemical agents.

The significance of mutations lies in their potential to drive evolution and contribute to genetic diversity within populations. When a mutation confers a beneficial trait that improves an organism's fitness in its environment, it may become more prevalent through the process of natural selection. This connection underscores the importance of understanding how mutations influence traits and, subsequently, evolutionary processes.