What does an organism’s phenotype refer to?

An organism's phenotype refers to the observable traits of that organism, which include physical characteristics such as color, shape, size, and behavior, among others. These traits result from the expression of the organism's genes in a specific environment. The phenotype is influenced by both the organism's genotype (genetic composition) and environmental factors, which can lead to variations in how traits are expressed.

Considering the other options, the genetic makeup of the organism pertains to its genotype, which represents the information encoded in its DNA. The survival rate of the organism relates to fitness and population dynamics rather than specific traits. The evolutionary history of the organism is concerned with its phylogeny and how species have changed over time, which does not directly describe observable traits. Each of these concepts provides different insights into biological understanding but does not directly capture the essence of the phenotype as the observable features of an organism.