In which regions is biodiversity typically highest?

Biodiversity is typically highest closer to the equator due to several key ecological and climatic factors. The equator, located at 0 degrees latitude, experiences a warm and stable climate year-round, which provides ideal growing conditions for a wide range of plant and animal species. This stability leads to greater primary productivity, meaning there is more energy available for the ecosystem, which in turn supports diverse food webs and a variety of organisms.

Additionally, equatorial regions often receive ample rainfall and have a variety of habitats such as tropical rainforests, which are known for their high species richness. The complexity of these ecosystems, characterized by multiple layers of vegetation and abundant resources, fosters the coexistence of numerous species. In contrast, regions near the poles tend to be harsher environments with seasonal extremes, which limits the range of species that can survive there. Urban areas generally have lower biodiversity due to habitat destruction and pollution, while mountainous areas can have diverse species but are often limited by altitude and specific environmental conditions. Thus, the equatorial regions consistently show the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet.